The 33 year-old, who can play anywhere in the back-row, has represented Ulster 165 times.
A former pupil of RBAI, he made his debut for Ulster in 2003 against Ospreys and his outstanding form saw him named Ulster Player of the Year in 2004/5 and 2006/7.
In 2008 he moved to the English Premiership where he made 117 appearances for Northampton Saints, winning the European Challenge Cup and LV=Cup.
He won his only Ireland cap in 2005 against Japan and has represented Ireland A on 11 occasions. This summer he played for the Barbarians in their match against England and was selected in a World XV that took on South Africa in Cape Town.
Commenting on his new contract, Wilson said:
"Ulster Rugby is a great place to be right now so I am pleased to have signed a new two year contract with the province.
"Physically, I feel that I am as fit and well as I have ever been and I am looking forward to making a big contribution over the next two years."
Ulster Rugby's Team Manager, Bryn Cunningham added:
"Roger is one of the most consistent and hard-working members of our squad. The fact that he has made 165 appearances for Ulster as well as having played more than 100 times for Northampton Saints illustrates his value to the teams he has represented and his considerable durability.
"His experience of the game is invaluable, especially as we seek to bring through the next generation of players in Ulster and I am delighted that he has committed to the province for a further two seasons."
Guinness PRO12
Suite 208, Alexandra House,
The Sweepstakes
Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, Ireland