Former South African fly-half Marius Goosen had been entrusted with leading the team since, with Treviso moving to sign former All Black Crowley for next season.
Crowley coached Canada from 2008 to 2015 and had recently signed a new deal, although he cancelled that to take up the offer from Treviso.
He has had coaching experience at Taranaki and with the New Zealand Under-19s side while in his playing days he turned out for Parma for two seasons between 1982-1984 and was part of the New Zealand side which won the World Cup in 1987.
He said: "I am very excited and pleased to be the new coach of Benetton Rugby Treviso. I look forward to beginning to work with everyone to help the club to be successful."
Benetton Treviso sporting director Antonio Pavanello added: "From me and whole club I want to give the welcome to Kieran Crowley, we are excited to entrust the role of head coach to him, we found in him the experience and feature that we were looking for."
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