The 28-year-old, who has made 74 appearances in the GUINNESS PRO12, suffered the injury against Northampton Saints on November 21.
Townsend told the Glasgow Warriors' website: "We're disappointed to lose Richie (Vernon) for the next few months.
"He failed to progress as expected, so in the end an operation was required, which will keep him out for most of the season. We wish him all the best with his recovery."
But there was good news for the reigning GUINNESS PRO12 champions as forward Rob Harley and centre Peter Horne near a return.
Townsend added: "Rob Harley has joined in with training over the last few days and Peter Horne is working hard to get back soon."
Glasgow Warriors face Racing 92 in Europe on Saturday before returning to the GUINNESS PRO12 at Ospreys on Sunday, January 31.
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