The 29-year-old becomes the second Welsh front row forward to be forced out of the Twickenham encounter after Scarlets hooker Matthew Rees failed to recover from a groin problem earlier in the week.
Jenkins failed a fitness test on Thursday afternoon after picking up a calf problem in training.
The star loosehead will remain in camp with the national squad and will be reassessed prior to Wales' second Six Nations fixture against Scotland at the Millennium Stadium on February 13.
Ospreys prop Paul James, who featured in place of clubmate Adam Jones during the November internationals, will take Jenkins' place in the starting line up having originally been named among the replacements.
Uncapped Saracen Rhys Gill is promoted to the bench from the extended Wales squad as Warren Gatland's men go in search of a fourth straight victory over England.
"Paul James has been one of the form props in the Welsh regions so far this season and we are confident he will be a more than able deputy for Gethin," said Gatland.
"Obviously it's not ideal for us to lose Gethin at this stage and we wish him a speedy recovery."
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